01 - Preheat oven to 350°F and line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, salt, and pumpkin pie spice in a large bowl.
03 - Whisk oil, eggs, pumpkin purée, milk, and vanilla extract in a separate bowl until smooth.
04 - Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients and mix until just combined. Avoid overmixing.
05 - Beat cream cheese and sugar until smooth. Add egg yolk, heavy cream, spices, and vanilla. Beat until creamy.
06 - Fill each muffin liner about 2/3 full with pumpkin batter.
07 - Drop 1 tablespoon chai cheesecake filling onto each muffin. Use a toothpick to gently swirl the filling into the batter.
08 - Bake for 20–22 minutes until a toothpick inserted into the muffin portion comes out clean.
09 - Cool in the pan for 10 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to cool completely.